Structures

Sense organs (eye and ear)

Eyeball with anterior and posterior segment, cornea, sclera, retina, iris, lens, vitreous body, ciliary body and zonular fibres, the lacrimal apparatus (lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac, canaliculus, nasolacrimal duct), and the inner ear with cochlea, vestibule, tympanic membrane, and Eustachian tube.

20 entries

• Ampulla of the lacrimal canaliculusCollects the tear fluid entering through the punctum and forms the bend towards the horizontal canaliculusAmpulla canaliculi lacrimalis
• Anterior chamber of the eyeballContains aqueous humour that nourishes the avascular cornea and lens and sets the intraocular pressure (10-21…Camera anterior bulbi
• Anterior segment of the eyeballHandles refraction and the regulation of light entry, and produces and drains the aqueous humourSegmentum anterius bulbi oculi
• Auditory (Eustachian) tubeEqualises pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane and drains the middle earTuba auditiva (Tuba auditoria, Eustachii)
• CochleaConverts perilymph vibration into nerve impulses in the organ of Corti, tonotopically ordered (high tones…Cochlea
• CorneaProvides about 40 dioptres, two thirds of the total refractive power of the eye, and protects the anterior…Cornea
• IrisRegulates how much light reaches the retina through the sphincter and dilator pupillae muscles (diaphragm of…Iris
• Lacrimal canaliculusCarries tear fluid from the lacrimal lake to the sac; blinking acts as the pumpCanaliculus lacrimalis
• Lacrimal glandProduces the aqueous layer of the tear film that nourishes, rinses and protects the cornea (lysozyme,…Glandula lacrimalis
• Lacrimal sacCollects tear fluid from the canaliculi and passes it on to the nose in a metered waySaccus lacrimalis
• LensProvides about 15-20 dioptres and changes curvature during accommodation for sharp near visionLens
• Nasolacrimal ductDrains tear fluid into the nasal cavity, which is why the nose runs when crying and the eye waters with a coldDuctus nasolacrimalis
• Posterior segment of the eyeballCaptures and processes the image and passes it on through the optic nerve to the brainSegmentum posterius bulbi oculi
• RetinaConverts light into nerve impulses: rods for dim light, cones for colour and acuity in the macula lutea and…Retina
• ScleraMaintains the shape and intraocular pressure of the eye and protects the inner layers; the lamina cribrosa…Sclera
• Suspensory ligament of the eyeballCarries the globe like a hammock, so that the eye stays in place even without the orbital floorLigamentum suspensorium bulbi (Lockwood)
• Tympanic membraneConverts air vibration into mechanical movement of the ossicular chain (pars tensa as the actual vibrating…Membrana tympanica
• Vestibule of the labyrinthRegisters linear acceleration and head position in gravity through the maculae of utricle and sacculeVestibulum labyrinthi
• Vitreous bodyKeeps the globe in shape, holds the retina against the wall and transmits light without scatteringCorpus vitreum
• Zonular fibresKeep the lens centred and transmit the pull of the ciliary muscle, which makes accommodation possibleFibrae zonulares (Zonula ciliaris)