Viscera (heart, lungs, liver, gastrointestinal tract)
Left liver segments I-IV (Couinaud classification)
Segmenta hepatis I, II, III et IV (Couinaud)
- Origin
- Located to the left of Cantlie's line (IVC to gallbladder fossa plane)
- Insertion
- Comprises Segment I (caudate lobe), Segment II (left lateral superior), Segment III (left lateral inferior), and Segment IV (medial segment/quadrate lobe, subdivided into IVa and IVb)
- Function
- Autonomous functional units supplied by left portal triad branches and draining via the left hepatic vein into the IVC (except Segment I, which drains directly into the IVC)
- Innervation
- Hepatic plexus
- Movement & chain
- Respiratory movement with the liver parenchyma
- Palpation
- Epigastric palpation
- Clinical
- Segment I hypertrophy in Budd-Chiari syndrome due to independent drainage directly into the IVC. Left hepatectomy and left lateral sectionectomy (segments II+III) in liver resection/living donor transplantation.
- Segmental innervation
- T6-T9 spinal segments
- In clinical practice
- Pre-operative 3D liver volumetry assessment, monitoring for post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) and bile leak
- Region in the model
- Viscera (heart, lungs, liver, gastrointestinal tract)