Lower limb
Lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle (ATFL, CFL, PTFL & capsule)
Ligamenta collateralia lateralia articulationis talocruralis (ATFL, CFL, PTFL)
- Origin
- Distal lateral malleolus of the fibula
- Insertion
- Talus neck (ATFL), lateral calcaneus (CFL), and posterior talar process (PTFL)
- Function
- Primary passive restraints against ankle inversion stress: ATFL resists anterior talar translation in plantarflexion; CFL resists inversion in neutral/dorsiflexion; PTFL resists posterior displacement and dorsiflexion
- Innervation
- Superficial fibular and sural nerves (L5–S1)
- Movement & chain
- Sequential tensioning: ATFL tight in plantarflexion, CFL tight in neutral, PTFL tight in dorsiflexion
- Palpation
- Palpable immediately anterior and inferior to lateral malleolus tip
- Clinical
- Lateral ankle sprain (most common athletic injury; tears ATFL first, then CFL); Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI); positive Anterior Drawer and Talar Tilt tests.
- Segmental innervation
- L5–S1
- In clinical practice
- Ottawa Ankle Rules application, wobble board proprioceptive training, external ankle bracing, and Broström-Gould anatomical repair for chronic laxity
- Region in the model
- Lower limb