Lower limb
Shin bone
Tibia
- Origin
- Articulates proximally with femoral condyles and patella, laterally with fibula, and distally with the talus
- Insertion
- Insertion site for patellar ligament (tibial tuberosity), pes anserinus tendons, and tibialis anterior
- Function
- Main weight-bearing bone of the leg; supports body weight and transmits forces to the foot
- Innervation
- Tibial and deep fibular nerves (L4–S1)
- Movement & chain
- Enables knee flexion/extension, terminal axial rotation, and ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
- Palpation
- Anterior border (shin) and medial surface are subcutaneous throughout; medial malleolus at the ankle
- Clinical
- Tibial shaft fractures (high risk of open fracture); medial tibial stress syndrome (shin splints); Osgood-Schlatter disease
- Segmental innervation
- L4–S1
- In clinical practice
- Proximal anteromedial tibia is primary site for emergency intraosseous (IO) access
- Region in the model
- Lower limb