Lower limb

Metatarsals and phalanges of the foot

Ossa metatarsi et phalanges pedis

Origin

5 metatarsal bones (I–V) and 14 toe phalanges

Insertion

Insertion site for intrinsic foot muscles, flexor/extensor digitorum longus and brevis, and fibularis brevis/tertius

Function

Forms the forefoot skeleton; absorbs propulsion impact and provides rigid lever for toe-off during terminal stance

Innervation

Medial and lateral plantar nerves (from tibial nerve) and deep fibular nerve

Movement & chain

Flexion, extension, and minimal abduction/adduction at MTP and IP joints

Palpation

Metatarsal heads and tuberosity of 5th metatarsal base are readily palpable

Clinical

March fracture (stress fracture of 2nd/3rd metatarsal); Jones fracture of 5th metatarsal base; Hallux valgus (bunion); hammer toes; Morton neuroma

Segmental innervation

L5–S2

In clinical practice

Critical inspection site for diabetic neuropathy, offloading insoles, and pressure ulcer prevention

Region in the model

Lower limb