Viscera (heart, lungs, liver, gastrointestinal tract)
Mitral valve
Valva atrioventricularis sinistra (Valva mitralis)
- Origin
- Guards the left atrioventricular orifice between the left atrium and left ventricle; comprises anterior and posterior cusps suspended from a fibrous ring
- Insertion
- Anchored via chordae tendineae to the anterolateral and posteromedial papillary muscles of the left ventricle
- Function
- Maintains unidirectional blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle, preventing regurgitation during high-pressure systolic ejection
- Innervation
- Cardiac plexus
- Movement & chain
- Opens during diastole and closes abruptly at the onset of ventricular systole, forming the primary (M1) component of the first heart sound
- Palpation
- Auscultated at the apex (5th left intercostal space, midclavicular line) with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position
- Clinical
- Mitral regurgitation (pansystolic blowing murmur radiating to left axilla), mitral stenosis (low-pitched diastolic rumble with opening snap), mitral valve prolapse (midsystolic click and late systolic murmur).
- Segmental innervation
- T1-T4 cardiac spinal levels
- In clinical practice
- Auscultation with bell at apex, detecting signs of pulmonary edema (crackles, dyspnea), pre- and post-operative care for MitraClip and surgical valve repair
- Region in the model
- Viscera (heart, lungs, liver, gastrointestinal tract)