Upper limb
Glenohumeral ligaments (Superior, Middle, and Inferior / IGHL complex)
Ligamenta glenohumeralia (SGHL, MGHL, IGHL)
- Origin
- Anterior glenoid rim and labrum of the scapula
- Insertion
- Anatomical neck and lesser tubercle of humerus; IGHL features anterior band, posterior band, and axillary pouch
- Function
- Primary passive anterior stabilizers: SGHL resists inferior translation at 0° abduction; MGHL resists anterior translation at 45° abduction; IGHL resists anterior-inferior dislocation at 90° abduction and full external rotation
- Innervation
- Axillary, suprascapular, and subscapular nerves
- Movement & chain
- Sequentially tighten through dynamic range of shoulder motion
- Palpation
- Intra-articular, non-palpable
- Clinical
- Anterior shoulder dislocation causes IGHL avulsion (Bankart lesion or humeral avulsion of glenohumeral ligament - HAGL); positive Apprehension test.
- Segmental innervation
- C5–C6
- In clinical practice
- Neuromuscular rotator cuff rehabilitation, proprioceptive training, and Bankart repair care
- Region in the model
- Upper limb