Upper limb

Glenohumeral joint capsule

Capsula articularis glenohumeralis

Origin

Circumference of glenoid cavity outside the labrum

Insertion

Anatomical neck of the humerus, extending down to surgical neck forming axillary pouch

Function

Provides expansive loose envelope accommodating extensive multi-planar range of motion

Innervation

Axillary, suprascapular, and subscapular nerves

Movement & chain

Slacks in neutral and tautens at end-range (capsular pattern: external rotation > abduction > internal rotation)

Palpation

Deep to rotator cuff, not directly palpable

Clinical

Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) causing marked contracture of the axillary pouch; multidirectional shoulder instability.

Segmental innervation

C5–C6

In clinical practice

Capsular pattern assessment, joint distraction, and progressive range-of-motion therapy

Region in the model

Upper limb