Lower limb
Thigh bone
Os femoris
- Origin
- Articulates proximally with the acetabulum of the pelvis (hip joint) and distally with tibia and patella (knee joint)
- Insertion
- Attachment site for gluteal muscles, iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, and adductor group
- Function
- Longest, heaviest and strongest weight-bearing bone; transmits body weight to lower leg and acts as lever arm for locomotion
- Innervation
- Periosteal innervation via femoral, sciatic, and obturator nerves
- Movement & chain
- Provides lever arm for hip flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal/external rotation, and knee flexion/extension
- Palpation
- Greater trochanter easily palpable at lateral hip; medial and lateral epicondyles palpable at the knee
- Clinical
- Femoral neck fractures in osteoporotic elderly; femoral shaft fractures in high-energy trauma; hip osteoarthritis (coxarthrosis)
- Segmental innervation
- Periosteum L2–S1
- In clinical practice
- Key landmark for total hip and knee arthroplasty; vastus lateralis intramuscular injection site
- Region in the model
- Lower limb