Corpus3D

Shoulder

Lift-off test

Gerber test

What you examine
Function of the subscapularis.
Procedure
Place the back of the hand on the lower back and ask the patient to lift the hand away from the back.
Positive when
The hand does not come free, or only with compensation through shoulder extension.
What the test is worth
Specific for the subscapularis; the belly press test is an alternative when internal rotation is too limited for this starting position.
Caution
First check whether passive internal rotation allows the starting position, otherwise you are testing the restriction and not the muscle.
Joint
Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)
Body region
Shoulder

Structures involved