Corpus3D

Shoulder

Hawkins-Kennedy test

What you examine
Subacromial impingement, in particular of the supraspinatus tendon under the coracoacromial ligament.
Procedure
Bring the arm to 90 degrees of forward flexion with the elbow bent 90 degrees, and passively rotate the humerus internally.
Positive when
Recognisable pain in the shoulder during the internal rotation.
What the test is worth
Sensitivity around 0.79, specificity around 0.59. Like Neer, mainly useful for ruling out.
Caution
Avoid letting the scapula move along; that makes the test falsely negative.
Joint
Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)
Body region
Shoulder

Structures involved