Lower limb

Abductor hallucis

Musculus abductor hallucis

Origin

Medial calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis

Insertion

Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe, together with the medial sesamoid bone

Function

Abduction and flexion of the great toe; important supporter of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot

Innervation

Medial plantar nerve (branch of the tibial nerve), S2-S3

Movement & chain

Works together with flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis to stabilize the great toe, and actively supports the medial longitudinal arch during stance and push-off.

Palpation

Palpable as a soft ridge along the medial border of the foot, from the heel to the ball of the great toe.

Clinical

In hallux valgus, this muscle's line of pull shifts with the deviation of the great toe, which can help maintain the deformity.

Segmental innervation

S1–S2 (medial plantar nerve)

In clinical practice

Specifically trained in physiotherapy with the 'short foot exercise' to strengthen the medial arch of the foot, for example in pes planus or overuse complaints.

Region in the model

Lower limb