Structures

Trunk nerves (intercostal, sympathetic, vagus nerve)

The spinal cord with its grey matter, posterior columns, propriospinal tracts and central canal, the spinal ganglia and the spinal dura, the cauda equina, intercostal nerves, the sympathetic trunk with ganglia, the anterior and posterior roots of the spinal nerves, and the vagus nerve through the trunk. Separate layer alongside the trunk muscles/bones, toggled independently.

20 entries

• Anterior (ventral) spinal rootsCarries purely efferent motor axons (alpha and gamma motor neurons) to skeletal muscles, as well as…Radices anteriores (ventrales) nervorum spinalium
• Anterior fasciculus propriusPropriospinal tract that links the segments to each other, so that postural reflexes and movement patterns…Fasciculus proprius anterior
• Anterior horn of the spinal cord (Cornu anterius)Final common pathway of movement: every voluntary movement and every reflex reaches the muscle through these…Cornu anterius medullae spinalis
• Cauda equinaProvides all motor and sensory innervation to the pelvic floor, perineum, external genitalia, sphincters…Cauda equina
• Central canal of the spinal cord (Canalis centralis)Remnant tube of the neural tube filled with cerebrospinal fluid and lined with ependyma; it connects the…Canalis centralis medullae spinalis
• Cuneate fasciculus (column of Burdach)Carries fine touch, vibration sense and conscious proprioception from the upper half of the body, arm and…Fasciculus cuneatus
• Gracile fasciculus (column of Goll)Carries fine touch, vibration sense and conscious proprioception from the lower half of the body upwards,…Fasciculus gracilis
• Intercostal nerves (T1-T11) and subcostal nerve (T12)Motor innervation to intercostal and abdominal muscles; sensory innervation to the thoracic/abdominal…Nervi intercostales (Th1-Th11) et nervus subcostalis (Th12)
• Lateral fasciculus propriusLargest of the three propriospinal tracts; it links the segments laterally and carries the fibres that tune…Fasciculus proprius lateralis
• Lateral intermediate substance of the spinal cordAutonomic nucleus of the spinal cord: origin of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons (intermediolateral…Substantia intermedia lateralis
• Posterior (dorsal) spinal rootsExclusively sensory: conveys light touch, vibration, proprioception, pain (nociception), and temperature from…Radices posteriores (dorsales) nervorum spinalium
• Posterior fasciculus propriusPropriospinal tract that spreads incoming sensory information across several segments, so that a stimulus at…Fasciculus proprius posterior
• Posterior horn of the spinal cord (Cornu posterius)First central relay for pain, temperature and crude touch; this is also where the gate control of pain input…Cornu posterius medullae spinalis
• Spinal cord (Medulla spinalis)Carries the motor tracts from the brain to trunk and limbs (corticospinal tract) and the sensory tracts back…Medulla spinalis
• Spinal dura mater (Dura mater spinalis)Tough outer membrane around cord, roots and cauda equina; together with the arachnoid it encloses the…Dura mater spinalis
• Spinal ganglion (dorsal root ganglion)Holds the pseudo-unipolar cell bodies of every sensory neuron in the body; no relay takes place here, the…Ganglion spinale (ganglion sensorium nervi spinalis)
• Sympathetic branches and splanchnic nervesConveys preganglionic sympathetic efferents and visceral pain afferents from the abdominal organsRami sympathici et nervi splanchnici (major, minor, imus, lumbales)
• Sympathetic gangliaRelay stations for sympathetic distribution to visceral plexuses, cardiac nerves, and body wall targets…Ganglia trunci sympathici (thoracica et lumbalia)
• Sympathetic trunk (chain)Primary conduit for the sympathetic nervous system mediating 'fight-or-flight' responses: pupillary dilation,…Truncus sympathicus (dexter et sinister)
• Vagus nerve (CN X)Chief parasympathetic nerve supplying the heart (negative chronotropy and dromotropy), respiratory tree…Nervus vagus (NC X)